This glossary medical terms in English and Spanish.
Alveolus
Respiratory system
Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles (tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs). The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out.
Diminutos sacos de aire al final de los bronquiolos (diminutas ramas de los conductos de aire en los pulmones). Los alvéolos son el lugar donde los pulmones y la sangre intercambian oxígeno y dióxido de carbono durante el proceso de inhalación y exhalación.
Example: The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out.
en: Alvéolo
Aorta
Cardiovascular system
The aorta is a large, cane-shaped vessel that delivers oxygen-rich blood to your body. La aorta es un vaso grande con forma de bastón que lleva sangre rica en oxígeno a su cuerpo.
Example: The aorta is the artery that feeds the rest of the body through a system of blood vessels. It starts in the lower-left chamber of your heart (ventricle). From there, it extends up toward your head a short distance before curving down. The aorta passes through your chest and abdominal cavities and ends at your pelvis.
en: Aorta
Apendicular skeleton
Skeletal system
The appendicular skeleton includes the skeletal elements within the limbs, as well as supporting shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle.
El esqueleto apendicular incluye los elementos esqueléticos dentro de las extremidades, así como la cintura escapular de apoyo y la cintura pélvica.
Example: The word appendicular is the adjective of the noun appendage, which itself means a part that is joined to something larger.
en: Esqueleto apendicular
Axial Skeleton
Skeletan system
Your axial skeleton is made up of the 80 bones within the central core of your body. Su esqueleto axial está formado por los 80 huesos dentro del núcleo central de su cuerpo.
Example: The word "Axial" is taken from the word "axis" and refers to the fact that the bones are located close to or along the central "axis" of the body.
en: Esqueleto Axial
Bladder
Urinary system
An organ in the body resembling a pouch into which urine passes from the kidneys and is temporarily stored until discharged from the body. Órgano del cuerpo que se asemeja a una bolsa por donde pasa la orina desde los riñones y se almacena temporalmente hasta que se descarga del cuerpo.
Example: The urinary bladder, or simply bladder, is a hollow organ in humans and other vertebrates that stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination.
en: Vejiga
Bone marrow
Lymphatic system
The soft, spongy tissue that has many blood vessels and is found in the center of most bones. There are two types of bone marrow: red and yellow. Red bone marrow contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. El marco óseo del tejido blando y esponjoso que tiene muchos vasos sanguíneos y se encuentra en el centro de la mayoría de los huesos. Hay dos tipos de médula ósea: roja y amarilla. La médula ósea roja contiene células madre sanguíneas que pueden convertirse en glóbulos rojos, glóbulos blancos o plaquetas, que están protegidas por las costillas alrededor del tórax.
Example: Healthy bone marrow releases blood cells into the bloodstream when they are mature and when required. Without bone marrow, our bodies could not produce the white cells we need to fight infection, the red blood cells we need to carry oxygen, and the platelets we need to stop bleeding.
en: Médula ósea
Central Nervous system
Central Nervous system
The Brain and Spinal Cord Are the Central Nervous System. Nerves and Sensory Organs Make Up the Peripheral Nervous System. Together, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous systems (PNS) transmit and process sensory information and coordinate bodily functions. El cerebro y la médula espinal son el sistema nervioso central. Los nervios y los órganos sensoriales forman el sistema nervioso periférico. Juntos, el sistema nervioso central (SNC) y los sistemas nerviosos periféricos (SNP) transmiten y procesan información sensorial y coordinan las funciones corporales.
Example: The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. It consists of two parts: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is the center of our thoughts, the interpreter of our external environment, and the origin of control over body movement.
en: Sistema Nervioso Central
Cervical
Skeletal System
Pertaining to the neck. ------------- Referente al cuello.
Example: His doctor diagnosed a soft tissue or mild whiplash injury to his cervical spine.
en: Cervicales
Cervix
Reproductive system
The cervix is the lower portion of the uterus. It is approximately two inches long, and it's tubular in shape. It widens during childbirth to allow for the passage of the baby. It also allows for the passage of menstrual fluid from the uterus, and sperm needs to travel through the cervix in order to reach the uterus. El cuello uterino es la parte inferior del útero. Mide aproximadamente dos pulgadas de largo y tiene forma tubular. Se ensancha durante el parto para permitir el paso del bebé. También permite el paso del fluido menstrual desde el útero, los espermatozoides necesitan viajar a través del cuello uterino para llegar al útero.
Example: The cervix opens to accommodate the passage of baby's head into the vagina, which is around 10 centimeters (cm) dilated for most term babies.
en: Cervix
Epilepsy
Central nervous system disorder.
Epilepsy is a central nervous system (neurological) disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations and sometimes loss of awareness. La epilepsia es un trastorno del sistema nervioso central (neurológico) en el que la actividad cerebral se vuelve anormal, lo que provoca convulsiones o períodos de comportamiento inusual, sensaciones y, a veces, pérdida de la conciencia.
Example: La epilepsia se caracteriza por una sincronización anormal y un incremento de la actividad eléctrica neuronal.
en: Epilepsia
Gallbladder
Digestive system
Your gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of your abdomen, just beneath your liver. The gallbladder holds a digestive fluid called bile that's released into your small intestine. Su vesícula biliar es un órgano pequeño con forma de pera en el lado derecho de su abdomen, justo debajo de su hígado. La vesícula biliar contiene un líquido digestivo llamado bilis que se libera en el intestino delgado.
Example: Your gallbladder is part of your digestive system. Its main function is to store bile. Bile helps your digestive system break down fats. Bile is a mixture of mainly cholesterol, bilirubin and bile salts.
en: Vesícula
Hamstrings
Musculatory system
A muscle group of the back of the thigh that can bend/flex the knee and straigthen/extend the hip. -------------- Un grupo muscular de la parte posterior del muslo que puede doblar/flexionar la rodilla y enderezar/extender la cadera.
Example: A favorable posture of the limb for eliciting the jerk is one ensuring relaxation of the hamstring muscles, as when the leg has been crossed upon the other.
en: Isquiotibiales
Heart
Cardiovascular system
The heart is a fist-sized organ that pumps blood throughout your body. It's the primary organ of your circulatory system. Your heart contains four main sections (chambers) made of muscle and powered by electrical impulses.
El corazón es un órgano del tamaño de un puño que bombea sangre por todo el cuerpo. Es el órgano principal de su sistema circulatorio. Su corazón contiene cuatro secciones principales (cámaras) hechas de músculo y alimentadas por impulsos eléctricos.
Example: Your heart is at the center of your circulatory system.
Your heart health is central to overall good health. It's responsible for pumping nutrient-rich blood throughout your body, it supplies oxygen while removing toxins and waste.
en: Corazón
Integumentary system
Integumentary system
The integumentary system includes the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, associated glands, hair, and nails. In addition to its barrier function, this system performs many intricate functions such as body temperature regulation, cell fluid maintenance, synthesis of Vitamin D, and detection of stimuli. El sistema tegumentario incluye la epidermis, la dermis, la hipodermis, las glándulas asociadas, el cabello y las uñas. Además de su función de barrera, este sistema realiza muchas funciones complejas, como la regulación de la temperatura corporal, el mantenimiento de fluidos celulares, la síntesis de vitamina D y la detección de estímulos.
Example: The integumentary system is a system comprised of organs that are the outermost protective covering of the animal body, the skin, and its various derivatives.
Some of the most common skin diseases include:
Acne, blocked skin follicles that lead to oil, bacteria and dead skin buildup in your pores.
Alopecia areata, losing your hair in small patches.
Atopic dermatitis (eczema), dry, itchy skin that leads to swelling, cracking or scaliness.
en: Sistema tegumentario
Lungs
Respiratory system
A group of organs and tissues that work together to help you breathe. The respiratory system's main job is to move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases.
Un grupo de órganos y tejidos que trabajan juntos para ayudarlo a respirar. El trabajo principal del sistema respiratorio es llevar aire fresco a su cuerpo mientras elimina los gases de desecho.
Example: Your lungs are part of the respiratory system.
Smoking, infections, and genes cause most lung diseases. Your lungs are part of a complex system, expanding and relaxing thousands of times each day to bring in oxygen and send out carbon dioxide.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs, digestive system and other organs in the body.
en: Pulmones
Motor Control
Nervous system
The ability of the central nervous system to regulate or direct the musculoskeletal system in a purposeful act. ------------- La capacidad del sistema nervioso central para regular o dirigir el sistema musculoesquelético en un acto intencionado.
Example: Physical therapy can improve fine motor control and overall body strength.
en: Control del aparato motor
Musculoskeletal system
Musculoskeletal system
The musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system) is an organ system that gives animals (including humans) the ability to move, using the muscular and skeletal systems. It provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body. El sistema musculoesquelético (también conocido como sistema locomotor) es un sistema de órganos que les da a los animales (incluidos los humanos) la capacidad de moverse, utilizando los sistemas muscular y esquelético. Proporciona forma, soporte, estabilidad y movimiento al cuerpo.
Example: The musculoskeletal system provides form, stability, and movement to the human body.
en: El sistema musculoesquelético.
Neuropathy pain
Peripheral nervous system
Neuropathic pain is caused by damage or injury to the nerves that transfer information between the brain and spinal cord from the skin, muscles and other parts of the body. The pain is usually described as a burning sensation and affected areas are often sensitive to the touch.
Example: Neuropathic pain refers to pain that originates from pathology of the nervous system. Diabetes, infection (herpes zoster),nerve compression, nerve trauma, “channelopathies,” and autoimmune disease are examples of diseases that may cause neuropathic pain.
en: Dolor neuropatico
Pancreas
Digestive system-Endocrine system
The pancreas is an organ located in the abdomen. It plays an essential role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body's cells.
El páncreas es un órgano situado en el abdomen. Desempeña un papel esencial en la conversión de los alimentos que comemos en combustible para las células del cuerpo.
Example: There are a variety of disorders of the pancreas including acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, hereditary pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer.
en: Pancreas
Pituitary gland
Endocrine system
The main function of your pituitary gland is to produce and release several hormones that help carry out important bodily functions, including: Growth. Metabolism (how your body transforms and manages the energy from the food you eat). Reproduction.
La función principal de la glándula pituitaria es producir y liberar varias hormonas que ayudan a llevar a cabo importantes funciones corporales, entre ellas: Crecimiento. Metabolismo (cómo su cuerpo transforma y maneja la energía de los alimentos que come). Reproducción.
Example: Some pituitary tumors result in too much of the hormones that regulate important functions of your body.
en: Glandula pituitaria
Rib Cage
Skeletal system
The bony frame formed by the ribs around the chest. El marco óseo formado por las costillas alrededor del pecho.
Example: A Rib cage is a bony structure which is attached to the vertebral column and sternum in humans and it is helpful in the protection of heart and lungs. It has 24 ribs in 12 pairs.
en: Caja torácica
Sacral
Skeletal System
The triangular-shaped bone below the lumbar spine formed, typically, by the fusion of 5 vertebrae-------El hueso de forma triangular debajo de la columna lumbar formado, típicamente, por la fusión de 5 vértebras.
Example: The sacral chakra is at the top of the hips.
en: Sacro
Spleen
Lymphatic system
The spleen is a small organ inside your left rib cage, just above the stomach. It's part of the lymphatic system (which is part of the immune system). El bazo es un órgano pequeño dentro de la caja torácica izquierda, justo encima del estómago. Es parte del sistema linfático (que es parte del sistema inmunológico).
Example: The spleen stores and filters blood and makes white blood cells that protect you from infection. Many diseases and conditions can affect how the spleen works.
en: Bazo
Thymus gland
Immune system-Lymphatic system
The thymus is located in the chest behind the breastbone. It plays a key role in immunity by producing immune cells. The organ's primary function is maturing T cells, or T lymphocytes. These are white blood cells responsible for fighting infections.
El timo se encuentra en el pecho detrás del esternón. Desempeña un papel clave en la inmunidad al producir células inmunitarias. La función principal del órgano es madurar las células T o linfocitos T. Estos son los glóbulos blancos encargados de combatir las infecciones.
Example: The thymus produces all our T cells before we become teenagers.
Primary lymphoid organs: These organs include the bone marrow and the thymus.
en: Timo
Urethra
Urinary system
The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. El tubo a través del cual la orina sale del cuerpo. Vacía la orina de la vejiga.
Example: The urine is stored in the bladder until it leaves the body through the urethra.
en: Uretra
Uterus
Muscle/Female reproductive system
The uterus is a hollow muscular organ located in the female pelvis between the bladder and rectum. El útero es un órgano muscular hueco ubicado en la pelvis femenina entre la vejiga y el recto.
Example: Uterus, also called womb, an inverted pear-shaped muscular organ of the female reproductive system, located between the bladder and the rectum.
en: Utero
Vertebral Column
Skeletal system
The bones, muscles, tendons, and other tissues that reach from the base of the skull to the tailbone. The vertebral column encloses the spinal cord and the fluid surrounding the spinal cord. Also called backbone, spinal column, and spine. Los huesos, músculos, tendones y otros tejidos que se extienden desde la base del cráneo hasta el coxis. La columna vertebral encierra la médula espinal y el líquido que rodea la médula espinal. También se llama columna vertebral, columna vertebral y columna vertebral.
Example: The vertebral column encloses the spinal cord and the fluid surrounding the spinal cord. Also called backbone, spinal column, and spine.
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